Harvard style is an author-date referencing system. It has two components:
1. In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source. They are located in the body of the work and contain a fragment of the full citation. Depending on the source type, some Harvard Reference in-text citations may look something like this:
"After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe…" (Fitzgerald, 2004).
2. Reference Lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for sources used in the assignment. Here is an example of a full citation for a book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The great Gatsby. New York: Scribner.
Generally, Harvard Reference List citations follow this format:
Last name, First Initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).
Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
If there are multiple sources by the same author, then citations are listed in order by the date of publication.
The structure for a Harvard Reference List citation for books with one author includes the following:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it is not the first edition) City published: Publisher, Page(s).
If the edition isn’t listed, it is safe to assume that it is the first edition, and does not need to be included in the citation.
Example: One author AND first edition.
Patterson, J. (2005). Maximum ride. New York: Little, Brown.
Example: One author AND NOT the first edition
Dahl, R. (2004). Charlie and the chocolate factory. 6th ed. New York: Knopf.
When creating a citation that has more than one author, place the names in the order in which they appear on the source. Use the word “and” to separate the names.
Last name, First initial. and Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City: Publisher, Page(s).
Examples:
Desikan, S. and Ramesh, G. (2006). Software testing. Bangalore, India: Dorling Kindersley, p.156.
Vermaat, M., Sebok, S., Freund, S., Campbell, J. and Frydenberg, M. (2014). Discovering computers. Boston: Cengage Learning, pp.446-448.
Daniels, K., Patterson, G. and Dunston, Y. (2014). The ultimate student teaching guide. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, pp.145-151.
* remember, when citing a book, only include the edition if it is NOT the first edition!
When citing a chapter in an edited book, use the following format:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Chapter title. In: First initial. Last name, ed., Book Title, 1st ed.* City: Publisher, Page(s)
Example:
Bressler, L. (2010). My girl, Kylie. In: L. Matheson, ed., The Dogs That We Love, 1st ed. Boston: Jacobson Ltd., pp. 78-92.
* When citing a chapter in an edited book, the edition is displayed, even when it is the first edition.
When there are multiple works by the same author, place the citations in order by year. When sources are published in the same year, place them in alphabetical order by the title.
Example:
Brown, D. (1998). Digital fortress. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Brown, D. (2003). Deception point. New York: Atria Books.
Brown, D. (2003). The Da Vinci code. New York: Doubleday.
The standard structure of a print journal citation includes the following components:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).
Examples:
Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp. 269-290.
Dismuke, C. and Egede, L. (2015). The Impact of Cognitive, Social and Physical Limitations on Income in Community Dwelling Adults With Chronic Medical and Mental Disorders. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), pp. 183-195.
When citing journal articles found on a database or through a website, include all of the components found in a citation of a print journal, but also include the medium ([online]), the website URL, and the date that the article was accessed:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal, [online] Volume(Issue), pages. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Example:
Raina, S. (2015). Establishing Correlation Between Genetics and Nonresponse. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, [online] Volume 61(2), p. 148. Available at: http://www.proquest.com/products-services/ProQuest-Research-Library.html [Accessed 8 Apr. 2015].
When citing a newspaper, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, Page(s).
Example:
Weisman, J. (2015). Deal Reached on Fast-Track Authority for Obama on Trade Accord. The New York Times, p.A1
To cite a newspaper found either on a database or a website, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Newspaper, [online] pages. Available at: url [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Example:
Harris, E. (2015). For Special-Needs Students, Custom Furniture Out of Schoolhouse Scraps. New York Times, [online] p.A20. Available at: http://go.galegroup.com [Accessed 17 Apr. 2015].
When citing a website, use the following structure:
Last name, First initial (Year published). Page title. [online] Website name. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
When no author is listed, use the following structure:
Website name, (Year published). Page title. [online] Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Examples:
Messer, L. (2015). 'Fancy Nancy' Optioned by Disney Junior. [online] ABC News. Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/fancy-nancy-optioned-disney-junior-2017/story?id=29942496#.VRWbWJwmbs0.twitter [Accessed 31 Mar. 2015].
Mms.com, (2015). M&M'S Official Website. [online] Available at: http://www.mms.com/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015].
Conference proceedings are academic papers or presentations that are created or used for the purpose of a meeting or conference.
To cite conference proceedings published online:
Last name, First initial. (Conference Year). Title of Paper or Proceedings. In: Name or Title of Conference. [online] City: Publisher of the Proceedings, pages. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
If not published online:
Last name, First initial. (Conference Year). Title of Paper or Proceedings. In: Name or Title of Conference. City: Publisher of the Proceedings, pages.
Examples:
Palmer, L., Gover, E. and Doublet, K. (2013). Advocating for Your Tech Program. In: National Conference for Technology Teachers. [online] New York: NCTT, pp. 33-34. Available at: http://www.nctt.com/2013conference/advocatingforyourtechprogram/ [Accessed 11 Jan. 2014].
Fox, R. (2014). Technological Advances in Banking. In: American Finance Association Northeast Regional Conference. Hartford: AFA, p. 24.
When citing eBooks and PDFs, include the edition, even if it’s the first edition, and follow it with the type of resource in brackets (either [ebook] or [pdf]). Include the URL at the end of the citation with the date it was accessed in brackets:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. Edition. [format] City: Publisher, page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
Examples:
Zusack, M. (2015). The Book Thief. 1st ed. [ebook] New York: Knopf. Available at: http://ebooks.nypl.org/ [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015].
Robin, J. (2014). A handbook for professional learning: research, resources, and strategies for implementation. 1st ed. [pdf] New York: NYC Department of Education. Available at http://schools.nyc.gov/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015].
When citing a DVD, Video, or Film, use the following format:
Film title. (Year published). [Format] Place of origin: Film maker.
**The place of origin refers to the place where the dvd, film, or video was made. Eg: Hollywood
**The film maker can be the director, studio, or main producer.
Example:
Girls Just Want To Have Fun. (1985). [film] Chicago: Alan Metter.
Email citations use the following format:
Sender’s Last name, First initial. (Year published). Subject Line of Email. [email].
Example:
Niles, A. (2013). Update on my health. [email].